文言文题目答案及翻译

题目：孟子曰：“穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。”请解释这句话的含义。

答案：这句话是孟子在论述个人修养与社会责任之间的关系时所说的。穷指的是个人修养，独善其身意味着在个人修养方面要力求完善，追求道德、品德的提升。达指的是达到一定的社会地位或能力，兼善天下表示在达到一定境界后，应该承担起更多的社会责任，为天下众人谋福祉。

翻译：Mencius said: "When one is poor, he should focus on self-improvement; when one is successful, he should contribute to the world." This sentence explains the relationship between personal cultivation and social responsibility. Being poor refers to personal cultivation, and focusing on self-improvement means striving for perfection in personal cultivation and pursuing moral and ethical enhancement. Being successful refers to achieving a certain social status or ability, and contributing to the world means that after reaching a certain level, one should take on more social responsibilities and work for the well-being of all people in the world.

题目：《论语》中有“己所不欲，勿施于人”这句名言，请谈谈你对这句话的理解。

答案：这句话强调了做人的原则和道德准则。己所不欲，勿施于人意味着不要做自己不愿意被人做的事情，不要对别人做出自己不希望经历的行为。这是一种以自己感受为标准来约束自己行为的道德规范，体现了互相尊重、互相理解的原则。

翻译：In the Analects of Confucius, there is a famous saying: "Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself." This statement emphasizes the principles and moral guidelines of being a good person. It means that one should not do things to others that they would not want done to themselves, and should not treat others in ways they would not want to be treated. This moral standard, which restrains one's behavior based on their own feelings, reflects the principle of mutual respect and understanding.